Axial Age

 

Q: 1 What are the similarities and differences you noticed in axial age thought as reflected in the primary sources?

Axial Age was the period when a subsequent culture emerged. The culture reflected religious systems and philosophical approach of great intellect.  There were advancements such as Hinduism and Jainism in Indian Metaphysics. The Confucianism and Daoism of ancient China were also remarkable step of the Axial Age. Each of the concept and belief in the Axial Age was linked with the sacred concept of the societies and communities. The Axial Age was observed by German Psychiatrist as period of a shift. The shift was an axis away from predominantly localized concepts. There was a transcendence in the conventional beliefs.

The Zarathustra and the figures such as Buddha, Confucius and Socrates were the major figures of the Axial Age. These sacred figures depicted the evolution of ideas and new concepts throughout the history in different geographical regions. This advancement in the human intellect challenged the previous concepts and orthodox ideas.

Similarities are that each of the religion and the religious figure taught the concept to adopt goodness and eradicate social evils and to choose virtue over sin. The Axial Age was an advancement towards evolution.

The difference in geographical regions proposed different religions and deities in accordance with the community and the social norms of each region. The Deities and the religious figures attained a sacred position in the society.  

 

Q: 2 To what extent do the Nok and Olmec Artifacts in the visual evidence reflect something like and 'Axial Age' in their own societies?

Axial Age reflects originality and exhibited similarity with its concerns. The Indian Thinkers thought of a concept of Karma where the consequences of your deeds strike you back. The Indian Thinkers also proposed a method of liberation from Karma known as (Moksha).

In Ancient Greek the example of Socrates, who made a relentless effort to find the truth and investigating the World to link the theory and testing of ideas is an Axial Approach in the Greek Society. The student of Socrates, Plato who was known as Father of Western Philosophy adapted the methods of Socrates to interrelate the ideas of Eternal World to the Theoretical Concepts.

The Olmec Beliefs provided notable artworks to provide clues about their life and the religion. Eight different androgynous possessing male and female characteristics and Olmec Deities had their own distinct characteristics. The Bird Monster was represented as a Harpy Eagle which symbolizes rulership. The Olmec Dragon with flamed eyebrows and bulbous nose with bifurcated tongue was a prominent Olmec Deity. The Deities often represented natural elements such as:

The Maize Deity

The Rain Spirit

The Fish/ Shark Monster

The Deities and the figures were mostly elite rulers and shamans making offerings at religious sites (La Venta and San Lorenzo).

 

References

1)      The Axial Age: 5 Fast Facts. (2021). Retrieved 4 March 2021, from https://www.britannica.com/list/the-axial-age-5-fast-facts

 

2)      The Olmec | Ancient civilizations (article) | Khan Academy. (2021). Retrieved 4 March 2021, from https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/world-history-beginnings/ancient-americas/a/the-olmec-article

 

3)      Human history. (2021). Retrieved 4 March 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_history

 

 

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